Located in the heart of the Sacred Valley of the Incas, Ollantaytambo is one of the most fascinating archaeological sites in Peru. This complex, which combines an imposing fortress with a living Inca town, is a historical gem that transports visitors to the grandeur of the Inca Empire. In this article, we will explore its history, function, last days, construction, and everything you need to know to visit it.
History of Ollantaytambo
Ollantaytambo was an important administrative, military, and religious center of the Inca Empire, built in the 15th century under the rule of Emperor Pachacútec. Its strategic location, surrounded by mountains and with access to the Urubamba River, made it a key point for defending the valley. In addition to its military function, it also served as an agricultural and ceremonial center, with impressive terraces and temples dedicated to Inca deities.
The site’s history is also linked to the legend of Ollantay, an Inca general who fell in love with Princess Cusi Coyllur, daughter of Pachacútec. However, their love was forbidden due to differences in social class. This story inspired one of the most famous Quechua plays, “Ollantay,” which narrates the warrior’s struggle for love and his confrontation with the emperor.
Who Built Ollantaytambo?
The construction of Ollantaytambo is attributed to Pachacútec, who expanded the Inca territory and transformed this area into an administrative and military center. Massive stone blocks were transported from quarries kilometers away and assembled with incredible precision, without the use of mortar. These structures showcase advanced Inca engineering, capable of withstanding centuries of earthquakes and erosion.
One of the most impressive features is the Temple of the Sun, consisting of gigantic pink granite blocks, carved and placed with extraordinary precision. The construction technique remains a mystery, as the largest stones weigh several tons and were transported from the Cachicata quarry, located on the opposite side of the Urubamba River.
Function of Ollantaytambo
This archaeological site served multiple purposes within the Inca Empire:
- Military center: Its location and fortress on the mountainside allowed for the defense of the Sacred Valley against potential invasions.
- Religious center: It had temples dedicated to Inca gods, such as the Sun and Water, with structures perfectly aligned with celestial bodies.
- Agricultural center: Its agricultural terraces supported food production and crop experimentation in different microclimates.
- Living Inca town: Ollantaytambo is one of the few places where original Inca streets and houses are still inhabited today.
The Last Days of Ollantaytambo
Ollantaytambo witnessed one of the few Inca victories against the Spanish conquistadors. In 1537, Manco Inca, leader of the Inca resistance, used the fortress to defend against Hernando Pizarro’s troops. By leveraging the elevated terrain and water canals, the Incas temporarily repelled the Spanish forces. However, their resistance did not last long, and the site was eventually abandoned when Manco Inca retreated to Vilcabamba, the final stronghold of the Inca Empire before its fall.
How to Get to Ollantaytambo
There are several ways to reach Ollantaytambo from Cusco, depending on your time and budget:
By train: If your final destination is Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo is one of the main train departure stations. Trains leave from Poroy or San Pedro stations in Cusco.
By bus or shared van: From Cusco, you can take a bus or colectivo from the Pavitos terminal. The trip takes approximately 2 hours and offers breathtaking views of the Sacred Valley.
By guided tour: Many tour agencies offer packages that include Ollantaytambo as part of a Sacred Valley tour, along with Pisac and Chinchero.
Traditions and Festivities in Ollantaytambo
Ollantaytambo is a town rich in cultural heritage, where various traditional celebrations take place:
Señor de Choquekillka Festival (June): One of the most important festivals, featuring dances, music, and processions honoring the town’s patron saint.
Inti Raymi (June): Although the main event takes place in Cusco, Ollantaytambo also holds ceremonies honoring the Sun.
Carnivals (February/March): The streets come alive with water games, music, and traditional dances.
Entry Requirements and Fees for Ollantaytambo
To visit the archaeological site of Ollantaytambo, you need to purchase a tourist ticket. Here are the details:
Cusco Tourist Ticket: Includes entrance to Ollantaytambo and other Sacred Valley sites such as Pisac, Moray, and Chinchero.
- Price: S/.70 for Peruvians and S/.130 for foreigners.
Single-entry ticket: You can also buy a specific ticket for Ollantaytambo at the entrance.
- Price: S/.10 for Peruvians and S/.30 for foreigners.
Visiting hours: Open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Tips: Wear comfortable clothing, sunscreen, water, and good walking shoes, as the tour involves climbing steep staircases.
Best time to visit: May to September, during the dry season, to avoid rain and enjoy clearer views.
Experience of Visiting Ollantaytambo
Exploring Ollantaytambo is a one-of-a-kind experience. As you walk through its narrow stone streets, you will feel transported back in time. Visitors can explore the temples, climb the terraces for panoramic valley views, and marvel at the Inca water channels, which still function today.
One of the most photographed sites is the Temple of the Sun, where sunlight aligns with specific structures during solstices, showcasing the Incas’ advanced astronomical knowledge. Additionally, visiting the Cachicata quarries and hiking to the Puerta del Sol viewpoint offer stunning landscapes of the valley.
Conclusion
Ollantaytambo is a destination that impresses not only with its history and architecture but also with the living culture that surrounds it. Its fortress, breathtaking landscapes, and traditions make it a must-visit location in the Sacred Valley.
Whether you are looking to learn more about the Incas or simply admire incredible scenery, this is a place you cannot miss. Discover Ollantaytambo and immerse yourself in the Inca legacy!